Journal headings
"Legal sciences"

Annotation: The current issues regarding the content and essence of the concept of “cybercrime”, as well as its connection with the concepts of “cyber threat” and “cybersecurity” are considered. A typical scheme of cyber threat im- plementation is given. The state-of-the-art list of the main threats in cyberspace is given, focusing on the latest trends (Internet of Things, etc.). Through the prism of forensic classification (systematization) types of high- tech crimes are considered, both from the point of view of UN experts, who were at the origin of the concept of “cybercrime”, and from the perspective of modern scientists and practitioners. The concept of cybercrime is formulated, emphasizing the unity of understanding of the essence of cybercrime in the modern world. Based on official statistics, changes in the dynamics of cybercrime in the Russian Federation have been shown since 2024. The qualitative structure of modern cybercrime, which has remained virtually unchanged, is analyzed. In conclu- sion, a valid conclusion is made about the need for further scientific research on the issue under consideration. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article examines the punishments and criminal measures applied to minors under the laws of foreign countries. Due to the rising rate of juvenile delinquency in the analyzed countries, governments have begun to focus on optimizing the sentencing and enforcement systems for young offenders. It is proposed to expand the courts’ powers in juvenile sentencing, to introduce new types of punishments that do not involve imprisonment but include certain restrictive measures, and to expand criminal law measures, including probation. Given this, imprisonment should be imposed on juvenile offenders only if they truly pose a danger to society or are resistant to correctional measures. The terms of such imprisonment must be specific, and their duration must be determined by the court, taking into account the personality of the offender and the nature of the crime committed. They must be placed in institutions for juvenile offenders, which prohibit the detention of adult criminals.

Annotation: The modern geopolitical situation has necessitated the adaptation of Russian criminal procedure legislation to the conditions of special periods, such as wartime, mobilization, and martial law. Since 2022, a large number of amendments and changes have been made to the criminal and criminal procedure legislation, including those related to exemption from criminal liability and suspension of criminal proceedings against military personnel. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to analyze the consistency of the amendments made to the domestic criminal procedure legislation and to identify problems of law enforcement practice related to the application of the relevant norms of criminal procedure legislation. Based on the results of the study, the author offers some proposals for improving the current legislation, noting, in particular, that the analysis of law enforcement practice and regulatory legal acts on the subject considered in the article leads to the conclusion that changes in the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation for conditions of martial law are non-systemic and contain internal contradictions. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as the RF, the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation is the CCP RF, and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is the CC RF.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of the family as a legal phenomenon in the context of civil law communities in Russian legislation. The subject of analysis is the legal nature of the family, its relationship with the category of civil law community, and the specifics of its regulation in the interdisciplinary field. The author raises the issue of the lack of a unified legal definition of the family, which leads to contradictions in law enforcement and doctrinal disputes. The methodology includes a formal legal analysis of civil and family law norms, as well as a critical review of scientific positions. The study found that the family, being interdisciplinary in nature, can be recognized as a special type of civil law community – a family law community. The most significant conclusion is that the permanent core of such a community consists of spouses who own common property, regardless of the property regime. The practical significance of this work lies in the proposal to use the concept of “family law community” to more accurately reflect the family as an entity integrated into the private law system. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article analyzes quantitative and qualitative indicators of criminal violations of privacy, crimes punishable in accordance with Articles 137, 138 and 139 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, based on statistical data from the GIAC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for 2015–2024. The state, dynamics and structure of crime are assessed. It is noted that the crimes of this group are not widespread enough in investigative and judicial practice. The most important structural elements characterizing crime in the sphere of privacy are considered: crimes committed using information and telecommunication technologies, using official position, committed by previously convicted persons, as well as under the influence of alcohol. The factors contributing to the latency of crimes that are complex in nature and related to the type of criminal prosecution, the specifics of the mechanism of their commission, the level of digital literacy of citizens and the activities of law enforcement agencies to identify and suppress crimes are identified. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.