Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article prioritizes low-carbon development measures for the Russian Federation through industrial moderni- zation and energy efficiency improvements. The sectoral structure of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is examined using the National Inventory Report. Using a comparative analysis of technologies, the dominant emission sources requiring priority action were identified. Measures for reducing emissions from enterprises are systematized, including the utilization of secondary energy resources, improved equipment efficiency, carbon dioxide capture, and the reduction of leaks in systems. Implementation constraints related to carbon dioxide handling infrastructure, the capital intensity of projects, and the requirements for measurability and verification of results are highlighted. Feasibility conditions are formulated and logic for selecting measures by emission sources is proposed. It has been noted that the use of carbon capture technologies is economically less preferable in some cases than reducing emissions by improving energy efficiency and replacing used energy resources. The conclusion is that proactive development of energy infrastructure is necessary to prevent an increase in emissions.

Annotation: The article discusses methodological approaches to assessing regional scientific and technological potential in the context of achieving technological sovereignty. The author substantiates a methodology that includes the selection of indicators and their weighting coefficients. The integral index is calculated across four groups: per- sonnel, resource, and infrastructure support, as well as the effectiveness of scientific and innovative activities. An econometric analysis of the Volga Federal District regions reveals significant differentiation. The group with a high level of scientific and technological potential (index >0.4) includes Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, and Perm Krai; the medium-level group (0.2–0.4) includes Samara and Saratov Oblasts and the Udmurt Republic; most regions fall into the low-level category (<0.2). The findings indicate that human resources in the district are insufficient, while infrastructure availability varies considerably. In most regions, the effectiveness of scientific, technological, and innovative activities lags behind infrastructure development, pointing to weak commercialization of research outcomes. The proposed methodology can be used in designing regional scientific and technological development programs.

Annotation: The article examines the legal and economic aspects of motor insurance as one of the systemic threats to the financial stability of insurance organizations, as well as discloses theoretical and methodological prerequisites for introducing a set of practical recommendations aimed at countering this negative phenomenon. The authors identify the most common fraudulent schemes, clarify methodological approaches to managing the risks of fraud in the field of auto insurance, including the formation of mechanisms for corporate counteraction to destructive practices and ensuring the security of the insurance business and protecting the interests of insurers, including on the basis of the use of modern information technologies. The authors propose a set of recommendations for managing the risks of fraud in the field of auto insurance, which makes it possible to move from the classification of industrial practices to the formation of a corporate system without danger. The proposed recommendations imply a deep integration of risk management into the corporate strategy of insurance organizations in order to reduce costs, increase the stability and risk-free functioning of the insurance business, as well as increase customer confidence.

Annotation: The article examines the transformation of the Indian labor market in the face of global economic chal- lenges. It examines employment dynamics and the structure of unemployment in contemporary India, analy- ses key trends in labor relations, and highlights the specifics of labor market interactions between India and Russia. This article emphasizes the critical importance of studying demographic factors and structural imbalances in the Indian labor market. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of “jobless growth”, gender imbalance, and high youth unemployment. Prospects for Russian-Indian cooperation in the field of human resources are analyzed, including employment opportunities for Indian specialists in Russia and the development of high-tech industries in India. Recommendations are made to improve employment regulation mechanisms and increase the efficiency of labor resource use. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing India’s labor market challenges, taking into account internal struc- tural characteristics and opportunities for international cooperation. The study highlights the importance of further developing partnerships between Russia and India to create an effective employment system and realize the potential of both countries.

Annotation: The tightening of sanctions against China makes the assessment of its national innovation system’s capacity for autonomous development critically important. This article proposes a composite index of technological self-sufficiency that aggregates three components: innovation capacity, production capacity, and supply chain independence. The index builds upon a two-tier corporate model of “national champions” and “little giants” that encompasses large state-owned companies and certified small and medium-sized enterprises. Calculations for 2014–2024 show an increase in the index from 0.28 to 0.83, driven primarily by stronger supply chain in- dependence. Comparisons with international technology leadership indicators confirm the systemic nature of this shift. Before the sanctions, the model focused on catch-up development and expansion into international markets, and after that the focus changed to technological autonomy and a closed internal system. However, an asymmetry is revealed: the increase in production capacity is noticeably lagging behind innovative achievements, which creates a potential vulnerability of the model under further sanctions pressure.