Journal headings
"Legal sciences"

Annotation: This article analyzes the legal and academic criticism directed at the new edition of the explanatory dictionary of the state language of the Russian Federation published in 2025. The study focuses on the semantic content and legal significance of the terms “hegemon” and “democracy” in this source. The author addresses the accusation – which she considers unfounded – that the dictionary engages in ideological indoctrination. The study’s methodology in- cludes a hermeneutic analysis of legal and linguistic definitions, as well as a historical and legal comparison. The study finds that characterizing the USA as a “hegemon” and the Western model as a “fictitious democracy” reflects objective political and legal processes and the practice of international relations, rather than being the product of purely ideological construction. The author concludes that the new vocabulary should be viewed as a tool for the legal formalization of current geopolitical realities, prompting a rethinking of the crisis facing classical democratic institu- tions. The article argues for the necessity of abandoning politicized assessments in favor of rigorous legal analysis. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This article examines the concept of “conscience” as a moral-legal phenomenon in the context of Russian constitutionalism, where it acquires both juridical and profound cultural-philosophical significance. The authors emphasize the uniqueness of incorporating the term “conscience” into the legislation of the Russian Federation. Conscience is analyzed not only as a category of personal morality, but also as a principle serving as the foundation for civic engagement and moral choice of the individual in the public sphere. The study encompasses several levels of understanding conscience: legal, cultural, religious, and philosophical. The authors trace how conscience in the Russian legal tradition has been linked to the concepts of justice, mercy, moral feeling, and inner law. Significant attention is devoted to historical and religious sources, including Orthodox ethics, which influenced the formation of national legal consciousness. In this context, conscience is interpreted not as subjective opinion, but as a universal moral compass possessing a supra-personal nature. The legal dimension of conscience is examined within the context of Russian legislation-particularly in criminal procedural law and constitutional law as a whole. The authors challenge the narrowly liberal interpretation of conscience, emphasizing its religious-spiritual dimension. Conscience is viewed as a means of maintaining sustainable social development. In conclusion, an amendment to the Preamble of the Russian Constitution is proposed. Thus, the article offers an original perspective on conscience as a constitutional-legal value of key importance for establishing a humanistic legal order in Russia. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: It is noted that the possibility of canceling acts of public bodies in the order of self-control contradicts the prin- ciple of irrevocability of acts of public authority, justified in civil science. The criteria developed by the highest courts are highlighted, on the basis of which the act of cancellation may be invalidated. The inconsistency of judicial practice on the application of these criteria is demonstrated. It is justified that the legal consequences in the form of influence on civil legal relations are not the only consequences for participants in civil circula- tion, the presence of which should become the basis for invalidating the act of cancellation. According to the authors, currently there is a forming of judicial practice on the application of criteria for the abolition of acts in the order of self-control. Unfortunately, there are no doctrinally developed criteria for the permissibility of such a repeal; nor is there one in law. Based on the results of the study conducted by the authors, it is concluded that it is necessary to legislatively consolidate the criteria that would act as boundaries for the implementation of the right of public bodies to cancel their own acts in self-control. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: This article analyzes the concepts of such legal categories as “methods of financial and legal regulation” and “methods of financial activity of the state.” The authors pay special attention to the importance of these categories for modern financial law. They examine theoretical approaches to the concept and classification of methods of financial and legal regulation, as well as to the specifics of methods for collecting, distributing, and using state and municipal monetary funds. The article also examines the views of Russian legal scholars on the essence of the concept of “financing” in various branches of Russian law. In particular, the authors believe that the use of the concept of “financing” in relation to a civil law contract is not fully justified. As a result of this brief study, the authors conclude that it is advisable to use the concept of “financing” exclu- sively in the sense of “a method of financial activity of the state.” They also formulate a definition of the concept of “financing,” as well as some proposals for improving domestic budget legislation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The subject of a comprehensive analysis in the article is the multifaceted problem of agreeing with the beneficiary on the revocation and modification of an independent guarantee by the guarantor after its issuance (legal significance and procedure for giving consent, the nature and form of the beneficiary’s expression of will, etc.). The methodological basis of the study is made up of general theoretical (formal and dialectical logic) and specific scientific (legal- dogmatic, interpretation of legal norms, legal modeling, comparative legal) methods. As a result, the author, in particular, substantiates the theoretical acceptability and practical relevance of the constructs of revocation and modification of an independent guarantee; proves the rationality of adjusting the civil legislation in terms of giving the permit procedure the «status» of a basic one (taking into account which the beneficiary’s expression of will could be qualified as the consent of a third party to the transaction); recognizes the logic of not only subsequent, but also preliminary approval; indicates the inappropriateness of using the concept of the dependence of the form of the beneficiary’s expression of will on the form in which the independent guarantee is issued. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.