Headings of the journal
"Economics and Management"

Annotation: The article provides a comparative analysis of the investment policies of the Russian Federation and a number of countries with significant experience in countering the sanctions regime in order to identify the key principles and mechanisms for successful adaptation of national economies to external restrictions. The cases of Iran, China, Myanmar, Venezuela and Russia are examined. It has been established that the key factors in economic sustainability under sanctions are geographical diversification of foreign economic relations, liberalization of economic policy to attract foreign investment, and balanced use of raw material exports. The analyzed success- ful strategies of the countries showed that their key elements were long-term planning, development of domestic production capacities and establishment of multilateral international partnerships. The practical significance of the obtained research results lies in the possibility of their application in the development of state policy to counter sanctions pressure, in particular, in the forming of a strategy for foreign economic activity, improvement of the investment climate, and determination of technological policy.

Annotation: The disappearance of the Aral Sea is a consequence of inefficient water management, as well as climate change, which creates new challenges for the region and leads to serious problems in the use of water resources. How- ever, international experience shows that despite the successful application of the paid water use mechanism, irrigated agriculture still requires significant government subsidies. Because the volume of necessary invest- ments in many regions is much higher than the financial capabilities of farmers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of managing the agricultural water supply system in the Central Asian region and identify ways to increase the sustainability of irrigation infrastructure. The study applied economic, statistical, factor and comparative analysis methods, as well as methods of generalizing conclusions, aimed at studying the eco- nomic, social and environmental aspects of water management and irrigated agriculture. A descriptive analysis of the state of water management in the region was carried out, the effectiveness of mechanisms for managing transboundary water resources and attracting investments was considered. As a result, the study showed that the current state of irrigated agriculture has led to a significant decrease in the volume of water entering the Aral Sea, a decrease in the area of agricultural land due to soil salinity, as well as depletion of water resources. The main beneficiaries of investments in irrigation systems are state bodies of the water and agricultural industries, as well as farming and peasant farms. It is necessary to attract investment, as well as measures to support farms that will ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector. The introduction of PPP mechanisms will ensure the long-term development of irrigation infrastructure and the rational use of water resources.

Annotation: This article examines the political economy of the global energy transition, identifying new groups of winners and losers. It analyzes the transformation of the concept of energy security, the geopolitical role of critical miner- als, and the socioeconomic consequences of the transition at the regional level. It is revealed that the transition is generating not only technological and environmental changes, but also profound structural changes in the distribution of resources, wealth, and power, creating new lines of geoeconomic cleavage and social inequality. The battle for leadership in the new energy sector is a battle to attract “green” capital and technologies, not just for market share in oil and gas. A large-scale capital shift toward sustainable (“green”) investments is gradu- ally taking place. Companies and countries that dominate the value chains for renewable energy technologies, batteries, and digital networks are gaining a strategic advantage. The conclusion is drawn that for traditional energy powers (including Russia), a concept based solely on the possession of fossil fuel reserves is becoming strategically untenable.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the theoretical conceptualization of data as a commodity. A comprehensive view of data is proposed: as a resource, a product, and a commodity. Special attention is paid to the economic nature of the data, identifying the essential characteristics of their usefulness and value. The author’s approach to data classification is proposed. The trend of data market forming is noted due to the spread of the view of data as a commodity. The main categories of consumers who are willing to pay for the data have been identified. The issue of Data Mining as a tool for processing data was raised. The role of Raw Data in creating data as a commodity with the highest value and usefulness for the con-sumer is emphasized. A debatable question about the attribu- tion of personal data to a product is presented. The statistical assessment of Russians’ willingness to share their personal data is analyzed. The main goals of companies in the use of data are studied. The desire of companies to integrate access to data from various sources in order to obtain different information for their activities is noted.

Annotation: The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of trade financing in Zambia, as well as an exploration of the opportunities for deepening Russian-Zambian cooperation. Special attention is paid to the access of small and medium-sized enterprises to financial instruments, institutional and infrastructure barriers, and the existing gap between supply and demand in the trade financing market. The role of digital technologies is considered, including the introduction of blockchain platforms and mobile ap- plications, as well as the impact of regulatory reforms aimed at reducing security requirements and simplifying procedures. The second part of the article focuses on the historical basis of trade and economic relations between Russia and Zambia and identifies key areas for their further development, including agriculture, energy, min- ing, and education. It is noted that the strategic partnership can contribute to the diversification of the Zambian economy, reduce dependence on copper exports and create new growth points. Additionally, the importance of educational and personnel initiatives that provide training for joint projects is emphasized. It is concluded that there is a need for institutional strengthening, the development of modern trade support mechanisms and the implementation of strategic joint projects.