Journal headings
"Legal sciences"

Annotation: The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of the status of insolvency practitioners in the United Kingdom. In particular, it examines such aspects of the topic as the procedure for obtaining the status of an insolvency practitioner and the requirements imposed on persons vested with this status; the role of professional associations responsible for licensing and certifying insolvency practitioners; and the remuneration of persons con- ducting insolvency proceedings. It is noted in the legal literature that “the regulation of insolvency and liability for illegal actions related to bankruptcy has been developing in England for several centuries.”2 The modern stage of the development of insolvency legislation, however, began with the adoption of the Joint Stock Companies Act (1844) and the Joint Stock Companies Winding-Up Act (1844). Thus, the United Kingdom has gone through a significant process of improving the legal framework of insolvency, which makes its study relevant, including for the purpose of borrowing best practices. The methodological basis of the study consists of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the specific scientific method of comparative legal analysis. The conclusion provides a number of findings that may be relevant for optimizing the legal regulation of insolvency in the Russian Federation. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The article discusses the key issues of the integration of artificial intelligence in the practice of expert activity in judicial proceedings. At the same time, the problem of the “black box” – the opacity of algorithms, which prevents a full legal assessment of the results – is highlighted. The complexity of the explainability of deep neural network solutions and their incompatibility with the requirements of procedural law, which provides for the verifiability and reproducibility of expert opinions, is analyzed. The authors discuss modern methods for increasing the transparency of artificial intelligence, as well as multi-level expert verification with mandatory documentation of procedures. The need for interaction between developers, experts and lawyers to create legally acceptable and scientifically sound systems is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the role of an expert in the context of digitalization. The risk of replacing an expert with algorithmic solutions and the associated decrease in the quality of judicial conclusions and loss of professional autonomy is considered. In general, the authors note that the successful implementation of artificial intelligence in judicial practice requires a balance between technological innovations and maintaining the key role of an expert, as well as the forming of a comprehensive regulatory framework that ensures transparency, legality and quality of expert opinions. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: Control and supervisory activities as a type of procedural activity consist of various kinds of procedures, each of which is determined by deadlines that are important. The time limits within which the participants in the control and supervisory proceedings perform procedural actions streamline the control and supervisory activities, en- suring the openness, clarity and predictability of the control process. The presented article examines the issues of determining deadlines and their direct compliance by participants in control and supervisory proceedings. It was concluded that control and supervisory activities are carried out within the time limits established by the Law on State Control, as well as other legal acts. If deadlines are not set, they are appointed by the control (supervisory) body, taking into account the assessment of the risk of possible harm to legally protected values and the principle of efficiency, which sets the speed and intensity of the control process to achieve the best result of activities carried out by public authorities. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: The legal regulation of property rights and its interpretation in judicial practice currently indicate a revision of the institution of property law. When various economic interests collide, the problem of defining the boundaries of the right of ownership arises, and, thus, it determines the relevance of the study. The problems of determin- ing the rights of the owner in the case of seizure of land plots and in the event of foreclosure on the share of the spouse in the common property of the spouses show a tendency to reduce its property sphere. In order to prevent erroneous interpretation of the inviolability of the right of ownership, it is necessary to provide a theoretical justification for the priority of more significant interests when determining the scope of the owner’s property sphere. It is necessary to limit the seizure of garden and vegetable plots of land owned by citizens, and to simplify the procedure for reimbursing the cost of a land plot to the former owner in the event of its seizure. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.

Annotation: Marital relations have a special place in all legal systems because they are directly related to other sections of civil law: inheritance, property and obligations. In Islam, the doctrine of faith is a fundamental part of Muslim law (Sharia), and starting a family and raising children is considered a sacred duty of the faithful, established by Allah. According to Muslim law, the wife’s legal capacity to terminate a marriage is significantly lower than that of her husband, and her legal capacity is limited to three ways of breaking up family relations, in which she can either initiate the procedure for breaking up a marriage or support the initiative taken by her husband. The article considers one of the ways to terminate a marriage in the Muslim legal system, the specificity of which is a woman’s right to initiative in the divorce process. The necessary conditions for the release of a wife from her husband’s power by committing khul’, the order and procedure of the parties’ actions and their consequences are analyzed. The sources of Muslim law regulating the agreement of the parties on the termination of marriage contractual relations are given. In the text of the article, the Russian Federation is abbreviated as RF.