Headings of the journal
"Educational Resources and Technologies"

Annotation: The level of requirements for information processing is continuously increasing and therefore, the methods of its processing are also changing. Widely used structural modeling methods are object-topological, which limits their application to spatial objects. The article examines the problems of constructing structures in the information field. The information field is formed as a reflection of objects and processes of reality in the form of informa- tion images. The article proposes an integrative approach that uses the properties of the information field in combination with aggregative and stratification approaches. The integrative approach is based on the principle of forming aggregates or information layers. Each information layer is an aggregate that contains categorically and qualitatively similar information images. The structural scheme is formed on the basis of the composition of information layers. The integrative approach ensures comparability of schemes for different objects and patterns within the information field. The proposed approach can be considered as a variant of qualitative and quantita- tive analysis of the modeled objects. The proposed integrative approach makes it possible to solve the problems of clear and fuzzy structure construction, for example, the construction of clear and fuzzy cognitive maps.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of a new type of ontology “information spatial ontology”. The article intro- duces the concept of “information ontology” and substantiates the concept of “information spatial ontology” as a kind of epistemic ontology. The ontological transformation is highlighted as a class of procedures for the transformation of information into knowledge. The role of electronic maps as visual models of knowledge (and not just data) is substantiated. The article shows that obtaining an information ontology is possible on the basis of information morphism, ontological information search and semantic correspondence. A generalization is made that all procedures for obtaining ontologies can be called an ontological transformation. In terms of set theory, a conceptual model of the forming of spatial information ontology using spatial information is presented, which defines the principles of building an ontology based on logical consistency. The results obtained expand the methodological foundations of ontological modeling and the scope of application of information spatial ontology in research related to the analysis of complex spatial systems and digital control.

Annotation: The article describes the problem of task selection and distribution among executors in the context of software pro- jects using Scrum methodology. The solution to this problem is proposed by reducing it to the problem of multiple knapsacks and solving it using population algorithms, in particular, the ensemble of genetic algorithm and bacte- rial chemotaxis algorithm. The article presents a model for calculating the priority of a task and its execution time for a particular performer. Classes of input data are described. The main stages of the algorithms and the values of their tuning parameters are explained. A metric for evaluating the quality of the results of the proposed method has been developed. The set of algorithms parameters, at which the quality index will be high for most classes of input data, is defined. The comparison of the operating time of the software implementation of the algorithms and their combinations, as well as the quality of the obtained calculation results, is given. Conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the ensemble algorithms to the selected classes of input data. The results of the study show the effectiveness of using the developed method for distributing work in comparison with its individual algorithms.

Annotation: The relevance of the topic is determined by significant educational losses, largely related to the process of digitali- zation, which inevitably entails significant technocratization, bureaucratization, formalization and alienation of the content of both secondary and higher education in Russia from those who acquire it. The object of the research is the teaching of a general philosophy course to students of higher educational institutions of non-philosophical areas and training profiles in modern educational conditions. The subject of the research is the study and teaching in the general philosophy course of the main ideas of the two most important historical and philosophical figures who set the timeless basic content of such a form of spiritual culture of mankind as philosophy – Socrates and Plato. The purpose of the work is a pedagogical demonstration that, depending on the specifics of teaching phi- losophy, it can be made both repulsive and attracting the cognitive interest of the student audience. The research methods are deductive and inductive conclusions, analogical conclusions, idealization, abstraction, pedagogical observation and empirical generalization, comparative analysis and thought experiment. The result of the work and one of its conclusions is the substantiation of a kind of “pedagogical theorem” that a simple, clear and re- alistic presentation of any material greatly increases the level of educational interest of the student audience and the degree of learning effectiveness. The application area of the research results is ideological heuristics, philo- sophical enlightenment, teaching philosophy and other social and humanitarian disciplines in higher education.

Annotation: The article explores the phenomenon of information certainty and uncertainty in the information field. The concept of the information field is being expanded by including the uncertainty factor in it. Certainty and uncertainty are considered as a condition, as a factor, as an attitude. Descriptive and procedural tasks of the information field are highlighted, their characteristics in relation to certainty and uncertainty are given. The main factors that increase the degree of uncertainty associated with the measurement and transformation of connections and relationships of objects and their parts displayed in the information field are highlighted. The transition from point to areal models, which can be used to analyze spatially distributed objects typical in geoinformatics and situational modeling, is considered. Formal models are proposed that demonstrate how uncertainty can be repre- sented and interpreted. Models of certainty and uncertainty are demonstrated using areal examples. Uncertainty is interpreted not only as an epistemological phenomenon, but also as a state formalized within computational models. This makes it possible to apply the research results in areas such as cognitive modeling, unmanned control, knowledge extraction, and others.